\n\nConclusions: Information on indications and dosages were usually provided by pharmaceutical

representatives in Australia and Malaysia. However, risk and harmful effects of medicines were often missing in their presentations. Effective control of medicines information provided by pharmaceutical representatives is needed.”
“AIM: Our study focuses on the approach, management and treatment of patients with polythelia and supernumerary breast and the target is the search for a treatment algorithm for these diseases.\n\nMATERIAL OF STUDY: We considered at 18 patients treated from 2006 to 2011 for breast congenital anomalies in excess. 14 surgical procedures were performed, 8 for supernumerary nipple excision (1 case associated with Poland Syndrome) and 6 for accessory breast ablation. All patients were aged between 15 and 34 years and belonged to both sexes.\n\nRESULTS: The breast tissue it was detected fibrocystic selleck chemicals mastopathy in 5 cases of polimastia. In the remaining cases the nipples and mammary tissues were normal. After a median follow-up from one to five years, we obtained in all cases not only an excellent aesthetic result but also a psychological.\n\nDISCUSSION: The supernumerary breast tissue is not just a cosmetic problem, it is also subject to the same pathological lesions that are observed in a normal breast. In view

of thepotential malignant transformation of anomalous breast incidentally, early PU-H71 nmr and accurate diagnosis is required as well as its monitoring over time.\n\nCONCLUSIONS. We therefore believe that surgical approach is always necessary in cases of polimastia, while considering options in the treatment of polythelia, where it becomes crucial if aesthetic and/or psychologically problems in the patient coexist.”
“Neurons have highly polarized arrangements of microtubules, A-769662 but

it is incompletely understood how microtubule polarity is controlled in either axons or dendrites. To explore whether microtubule nucleation by gamma-tubulin might contribute to polarity, we analyzed neuronal microtubules in Drosophila containing gain-or loss-of-function alleles of gamma-tubulin. Both increased and decreased activity of gamma-tubulin, the core microtubule nucleation protein, altered microtubule polarity in axons and dendrites, suggesting a close link between regulation of nucleation and polarity. To test whether nucleation might locally regulate polarity in axons and dendrites, we examined the distribution of gamma-tubulin. Consistent with local nucleation, tagged and endogenous gamma-tubulins were found in specific positions in dendrites and axons. Because the Golgi complex can house nucleation sites, we explored whether microtubule nucleation might occur at dendritic Golgi outposts. However, distinct Golgi outposts were not present in all dendrites that required regulated nucleation for polarity.