“Introduction: Prevention and Prevention Plus strategies f


“Introduction: Prevention and Prevention Plus strategies for weight management were implemented for youth with developmental disabilities living in community group homes at a Midwestern educational/residential center.\n\nMethods: Caregiver Selleckchem BMS-754807 staff were provided with weight management education, a communication tool for youth weight indices, weight and physical activity goals, dietary orders, and monthly follow-up communication. This 4-month study examined changes in weight indices, nutrition, physical activity, and staff perceptions of youth status using

t tests, chi(2) tests, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.\n\nResults: A significant decrease in mean body mass index percentile was found (t(39) = 2.93, p < .01, 95% confidence interval 1.29 to 7.04) that was primarily from change in the healthy weight category. More than 80% of the 40 youth achieved their weight goal. A significant improvement in daily fruit consumption AS1842856 chemical structure (p = .001) and vegetable consumption

(p < .001) was reported.\n\nDiscussion: These prevention strategies are useful to promote staff understanding of dietary goals for weight management in youth with developmental disabilities living in group homes and should be incorporated into practice by health care providers. Additional efforts are needed to increase physical activity during the winter months. J Pediatr Health Care. (2013) 27, 98-108.”
“Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) in the absence of space occupying lesions. Selleck EGFR inhibitor ICP is usually measured by lumbar puncture and a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure above 250 mm H2O is one of the diagnostic criteria of IIH. Recently, we have encountered two patients who complained of headaches and exhibited disc swelling without an increased ICP. We prescribed acetazolamide and followed both patients frequently; because of the definite disc swelling with

IIH related symptoms. Symptoms and signs resolved in both patients after they started taking acetazolamide. It is generally known that an elevated ICP, as measured by lumbar puncture, is the most important diagnostic sign of IIH. However, these cases caution even when CSF pressure is within the normal range, that suspicion should be raised when a patient has papilledema with related symptoms, since untreated papilledema may cause progressive and irreversible visual loss.”
“Bothropoides insularis (jararaca-ilhoa) is a native endemic snake limited to the specific region of Queimada Island, on Sao Paulo coast. Several local and systemic effects have been described due to envenomation caused by it, such as edema, tissue necrosis, hemorrhage and acute renal failure.

59%/27 56% and LDL-C 30 92%/35 64%, respectively, in comparison

59%/27.56% and LDL-C 30.92%/35.64%, respectively, in comparison

to baseline groups; the HC groups had reduced beta and improved endothelial function over the 8-week follow-up (P smaller than 0.05-0.001); nonetheless, no significant alterations of IMT were found (P bigger than 0.05). Significant negative interactions between TC/LDL and FMD (P smaller than 0.05-0.001), positive interactions between TC and IMT (P=0.003) and between TC/LDL and beta (P smaller than 0.001-0.000) were found. Treatment with NVP-BGJ398 pitavastatin calcium exerted favorable effects on endothelial function and arterial stiffness. It also improved carotid atherosclerosis in patients with HC.”
“To date, no randomized control trial has been performed comparing open appendectomy (OA) to laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) in complicated appendicitis. A systematic review and meta-analysis in 2010 concluded LA is advantageous to OA with less surgical site sepsis in complicated appendicitis; however, the level of evidence is weak (level 3a). The aim of the study was to determine whether LA is safe in the treatment of complicated appendicitis. Primary outcome included all-cause mortality and procedure-related mortality; secondary outcomes included intra-operative duration, rates of wound sepsis and re-intervention, length of hospital

stay and re-admission rates. One hundred and fourteen patients were randomized prospectively to either OA or LA using Angiogenesis inhibitor a computer-generated blind method. Patients who were either less than 12 years

of age, had previous abdominal surgery or were pregnant were excluded. A team of senior surgeons capable of doing both OA and LA performed all procedures. The intra-operative duration, the rate of wound sepsis, the number of re-operations, the length of hospital stay and the rate of re-admissions between the OA and LA groups did not differ statistically. Laparoscopic appendectomy is safe in complicated appendicitis. Current Control Trials (ISRCTN92257749).”
“Objective learn more Cortactin acts as a prominent substrate of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and plays important roles in tumour progression in several human cancers. However, the clinical significance of its expression in human prostate cancer (PCa) has not been determined. We aimed to identify the potential role of cortactin expression in tumour progression and prognosis in PCa and the association with HDACs.\n\nMethods 256 foci with distinctive lesions in 110 prostate specimens were collected to identify the status of among cortactin, SIRT2, histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) by immunohistochemistry and its relationship with clinicopathological and follow-up data were analysed.\n\nResults The results showed that cortactin expression was significantly higher (79.1%), and SIRT2 expression was lower (37.3%) in PCa foci, when it was compared with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia foci and benign foci, respectively. HDAC6 expression was low and had no statistical significance in PCa.

This reduces the pool of males competing for territories and so i

This reduces the pool of males competing for territories and so increases recruitment and population densities. However, crashes can then be more extreme so cycle amplitudes are higher. With harvesting at 150% of current typical levels, which is within observed variation, the dynamics exhibit a sharp transition to a state where cyclicity is reduced,

periods are shorter and amplitudes lower.\n\nThe model suggests that to understand regional variation in red grouse cycles, interactions between territoriality, productivity, harvesting and noise must be considered.”
“Objective: To explore protective effect of topiramate (TPM) on hypoxic ischemic brain injury. Methods: A total of 360 neonatal rats were selected then randomly divided into sham operation group, ischemia and hypoxia group, conventional treatment group and degradation therapy group (n=90). After surgical learn more treatment, sham and ischemic see more hypoxia group were treat with normal saline; conventional treatment group was received TPM solution 100 mg/kg, 2 times/d; degradation therapy group received TPM solution 150 mg/kg, 2 times/d, per 3 d treatment each dosage was reduced 50 mg/kg, the lowest reduced to 50 mg/kg. Four groups received

continuous treatment for 10 d. After treatment for 1 d, 4 d, 7 d, 10 d the cerebral edema, neuron specific enolasc (NSE) and gamma -aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and cognitive abilities of four groups were observed. Results: GSI-IX inhibitor After 1 d, 4 d of treatment, the brain water content and NSE levels in ischemia and hypoxia group, the conventional treatment group and the degradation therapy group were significantly higher than that in sham

group (P smaller than 0.05), the brain water content and NSE levels of the conventional treatment group and the degradation therapy group were significantly lower than that in the ischemic hypoxia group (P smaller than 0.05). GABA levels and learning ability of the ischemia and hypoxia group, the conventional treatment group and degradation therapy group were significantly lower than the sham group (P smaller than 0.05), the GABA levels and learning ability of the conventional treatment group and degradation therapy group were significantly higher than the ischemia and hypoxia group (P smaller than 0.05). After 7 d, 10 d of treatment, the brain water content and NSE levels in the sham operation group, the conventional treatment group and degradation therapy group were significantly lower than the ischemia and hypoxia group (P smaller than 0.05), while the GABA levels and learning ability of these three groups were significantly higher than that in the ischemia and hypoxia group (P smaller than 0.05), the GABA levels in the conventional treatment group were significantly higher than degradation therapy group (P smaller than 0.

The coronary sinus (CS) was easily cannulated and a long sheath a

The coronary sinus (CS) was easily cannulated and a long sheath advanced into the CS. A contrast injection revealed an unusually big-sized CS, with a diameter 2.5 times the fully deployed balloon. A 0.035 wire was advanced retrograde reaching the confluence of the innominate and left subclavian veins. The outer sheath was advanced to this location and contrast venography through the sheath allowed visualization of the left jugular and subclavian veins and visualization of the PLSVC draining into the CS. No target veins for lead implant were identified. The patient was referred for surgical implant of an epicardial lead. Transesophageal echocardiogram

showed a CS identified as an unusually big vascular structure located between the left atrium and the left atrial appendage. Conclusion. We report an uncommon association of HO and PLSVC. This association was only reported twice in the past and selleck products this is the first one that constitutes a casual finding during the attempt of CRT device implant. This is a combination that may complicate a device implant and recognition of it in advance may avoid performing potentially Akt signaling pathway unsuccessful procedures.”
“Diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder

(ASD) requires a qualitative assessment of social aptitude: one person judging whether another person interacts in a “typical” way. We hypothesized that mice could be used to make a similar judgment if they prefer “typical” over “atypical” social interactions with mouse models relevant to ASD. We used wild-type C57BL/6 (B6) mice as “judges”

and evaluated their preference for a chamber containing a “typical” (B6 or 129S6) or an “atypical” mouse. For our atypical mouse stimuli, we chose two inbred strains with well-documented social phenotypes (BTBR and BALB/c), as well a mutant line with abnormal social behavior and seizures (Gabrb3 +/-). Overall, we observed a stimulus by time interaction (P < 0.0001), with B6 mice preferring the typical mouse chamber during the last 10 min of the 30-min test. For two of the individual stimulus pairings, we observed a similar chamber by time interaction (BALB/c vs. 129S6, P = 0.0007; Gabrb3 +/- vs. 129S6, P = 0.033). For the third stimulus pairing, we found a trend for preference of the typical mouse across time (BTBR vs. B6, P = 0.051). We repeated the experiments using 129S6 mice as judges and found a significant overall interaction Lonafarnib (P = 0.034), but only one stimulus pairing reached significance on its own (BALB/c vs. 129S6, P = 0.0021). These data suggest that a characteristic pattern of exploration in B6 mice can distinguish some socially atypical animals from controls. Autism Res 2013, 6: 212-220. (c) 2013 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.”
“Objectives: The aim of this work was the preparation of a new fluoride-releasing dental material characterized by a release of fluoride relatively constant over time without any initial toxic burst effect.


“3D analysis of the gait of children with Duchenne muscula


“3D analysis of the gait of children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) was the topic of only a few studies and none of these considered the effect of gait velocity on the gait parameters of children with DMD. Gait parameters of 11 children with DMD were compared 5-Fluoracil purchase to those of 14 control children while considering the effect of gait velocity

using 3D biomechanical analysis. Kinematic and kinetic gait parameters were measured using an Optotrak motion analysis system and AMTI force plates embedded in the floor. The data profiles of children with DMD walking at natural gait velocity were compared to those of the control children who walked at both natural and slow gait velocities. When both groups walked at EGFR inhibitor similar velocity, children with DMD had higher cadence and shorter step length. They demonstrated a lower hip extension moment as well as a minimal or absent knee extension moment. At the ankle, a dorsiflexion moment was absent at heel strike due to the anterior location of the center of pressure. The magnitude of the medio-lateral ground reaction force was higher in children with DMD. Despite this increase, the hip abductor moment was lower.

Hip power generation was also observed at the mid-stance in DMD children. These results suggest that most of the modifications observed are strategies used by children with DMD to cope with possible muscle weakness in order to provide support, propulsion and balance of the body during gait. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Individually, both obesity and headache are conditions associated with a substantial personal and societal impact. Recent data support that obesity is comorbid with headache in general and migraine specifically, as well as with certain secondary headache

conditions such as idiopathic intracranial hypertension. In the current manuscript, we first briefly review the epidemiology of obesity and common primary and secondary headache disorders individually. This this website is followed by a systematic review of the general population data evaluating the association between obesity and headache in general, and then obesity and migraine and tension-type headache disorders. Finally, we briefly discuss the data on the association between obesity and a common secondary headache disorder that is associated with obesity, idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Taken together, these data suggest that it is important for clinicians and patients to be aware of the headache/migraine-obesity association, given that it is potentially modifiable. Hypotheses for mechanisms of the obesity-migraine association and treatment considerations for overweight and obese headache sufferers are discussed in the companion manuscript, as part II of this topic.”
“Sedimentary deltas forming in the world’s regulated rivers are a glaring gap in our knowledge of dammed riverine ecosystems.

1 +/- 0 6 min(-1)), and vimentin was modified at a rate 9 48 +/-

1 +/- 0.6 min(-1)), and vimentin was modified at a rate 9.48 +/- 1.95-fold greater than actin. We employed tandem mass spectrometry analysis to identify sites of ADP-ribosylation on Dinaciclib order vimentin. The primary sites of modification were Arg-44 and -49 in the head domain, with several additional secondary sites identified. Because the primary sites are located in a domain of vimentin known to be important for the regulation of polymerization by phosphorylation, we investigated the effects of SpyA activity on vimentin polymerization, utilizing an in vitro NaCl-induced filamentation assay. SpyA inhibited vimentin filamentation, whereas a catalytic site mutant of SpyA had no effect. Additionally, we demonstrated VS-6063 solubility dmso that expression

of SpyA in HeLa cells resulted in collapse

of the vimentin cytoskeleton, whereas expression in RAW 264.7 cells impeded vimentin reorganization upon stimulation of this macrophage-like cell line with LPS. We conclude that SpyA modification of vimentin occurs in an important regulatory region of the head domain and has significant functional effects on vimentin assembly.”
“Mdm2, a regulator of the tumor suppressor p53, is frequently overexpressed in human malignancies. Mdm2 also has unresolved, p53-independent functions that contribute to tumorigenesis. Here, we show that increased Mdm2 expression induced chromosome/chromatid breaks and delayed DNA double-strand break repair in cells lacking p53 but not in cells with a mutant form of Nbs1, a component of the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 DNA repair complex. A 31-amino-acid region of Mdm2 was necessary for binding to Nbs1. Mutation of conserved amino acids in the Nbs1 binding domain of Mdm2 inhibited Mdm2-Nbs1 association and prevented Mdm2 from delaying phosphorylation of H2AX and ATM-S/TQ sites, repair of DNA breaks, and resolution of DNA damage foci. Similarly, the mutation of eight amino acids in the Mdm2 binding domain of Nbs1 inhibited Mdm2-Nbs1

interaction and blocked the ability of Mdm2 to delay DNA break repair. Both Nbs1 and ATM, but not the ubiquitin ligase activity of Mdm2, were necessary to inhibit DNA break repair. Only Mdm2 with an intact Nbs1 binding domain was able to increase the frequency of chromosome/chromatid breaks and the transformation efficiency of cells lacking p53. Therefore, the interaction of Mdm2 with Nbs1 inhibited check details DNA break repair, leading to chromosome instability and subsequent transformation that was independent of p53.”
“OBJECTIVE: More than 75% of Indian toddlers are anemic. Data on factors associated with anemia in India are limited. The objective of this study was to determine biological, nutritional, and socioeconomic risk factors for anemia in this vulnerable age group.\n\nMETHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of children aged 12 to 23 months in 2 rural districts of Karnataka, India. Children were excluded if they were unwell or had received a blood transfusion.

Therapeutic data were obtained from treatment optimization tr

\n\nTherapeutic data were obtained from treatment optimization trials. We included 618 childhood cancer survivors (384 women) who reported information allowing us to classify their current fertility status as ‘fertile/probably fertile’ or ‘probably infertile’. Thirty-one percent of 83 female and 29 % of 117 male survivors reported infertility based on previous

fertility tests. ‘Probably selleck chemicals infertile’ adult survivors were more likely to have received pelvic radiotherapy (women: adjusted OR 20.24, 95 % CI 4.69-87.29; men: 12.22; 1.18-126.70) than those who were ‘fertile/probably fertile’. Etoposide, particularly a parts per thousand yen5,000 mg/m(2) in women, and carboplatin and/or cisplatin in both sexes seemed to have independent risk potential for infertility. Similarly, cancer treatment during or post-puberty compared to treatment before puberty showed a trend

toward increased infertility, particularly in male survivors.\n\nPatients and families need to be informed about fertility-preserving measures prior to and also after chemotherapy and radiotherapy.”
“Previous studies have reported associations of depressive CFTRinh-172 symptoms with pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially with interleukin-6 (IL-6) in noncancer subjects and cancer patients. Meanwhile, symptoms such as tiredness and appetite loss may be vegetative symptoms of depression when associated with other diagnostic criteria of depression. Such vegetative-type symptoms worsen during the last 6 months of life in cancer patients and may not be associated with affective depressive symptoms such as sadness and nervousness. This study explored associations between

depressive symptoms and plasma IL-6 in terminally ill cancer patients whose survival period was confirmed to be less than 6 months by follow-up, with attention to differences in vegetative and affective depressive symptoms.\n\nData from 112 consecutively recruited terminally ill cancer patients who registered at a palliative care unit without any active anticancer treatment were used. Plasma IL-6 levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescence assay. Depressive symptoms included in the DSM-IV and Cavanaugh criteria were assessed by structured interviews and were categorized into affective symptoms and vegetative symptoms. Affective symptoms were also measured with the depression GSK2126458 price subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, which does not include vegetative symptoms.\n\nVegetative symptoms, such as appetite loss, insomnia, and fatigue, were significantly associated with IL-6 levels. However, neither of the affective symptoms nor their severity was associated with IL-6 levels.\n\nIL-6 was associated with vegetative depressive symptoms in terminally ill cancer patients but not with affective depressive symptoms, suggesting possible differences in the pathophysiological mechanisms between these sets of symptoms.


“Though glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) from Glycyrrhiza glabra w


“Though glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) from Glycyrrhiza glabra was known to exert antioxidant, antifilarial, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects, the antitumor mechanism of GA was not clearly elucidated in non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLCCs). Thus, in the present study, the underlying apoptotic mechanism of GA was examined in NCI-H460 NSCLCCs. GA significantly suppressed the viability AZD6738 of NCI-H460 and A549 non-small lung cancer cells. Also, GA significantly increased the sub G1 population by cell cycle analysis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive

cells in a concentration dependent manner in NCI-H460 non-small lung cancer cells. Consistently, GA cleaved poly (ADP-ribosyl) polymerase (PARP), caspase 9/3, attenuated the expression of Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, Cyclin D1 and Cyclin E in NCI-H460 cells. Interestingly, GA attenuated the phosphorylation of protein kinase C (PKC) a/bII and extracellular activated protein kinase (ERK) as well as activated the phosphorylation of PKC d and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase in NCI-H460 cells. Conversely, PKC promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and JNK inhibitor SP600125 reversed the cleavages of caspase 3 and PARP induced by GA in NCI-H460

cells. Overall, our findings suggest that GA induces apoptosis via inhibition of PKC a/bII and activation of JNK in NCI-H460 non-small lung cancer cells as a potent anticancer candidate for lung cancer treatment. (C)

2013 Elsevier Selleckchem Autophagy inhibitor Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Recently we showed that exchanging intact casein with extensively hydrolysed casein in Western diets prevented diet-induced obesity in obesity-prone C57BL/6J mice. To gain further insight into the underlying mechanisms for the metabolic alterations induced by intake of hydrolysed casein, we performed an exploratory investigation using proton NMR spectroscopy, multi-block AZD1152 PCA (MBPCA) and a multi-compartment model including analyses of plasma, urine, faeces and tissue samples from mice fed diets with intact or hydrolysed casein and 16 or 32 energy% protein. The MBPCA superscores showed a clear separation between samples from mice fed intact and hydrolysed casein diets, respectively. Block loadings revealed that fecal fat content was higher, and tissue and plasma lipid levels were lower in mice fed hydrolysed casein diets compared with mice fed intact casein. Amino acid metabolism was also altered by dietary protein form, and levels of branched-chain amino acids were higher in faeces and urine and lower in plasma and spleen in mice fed hydrolysed protein. Moreover, hepatic levels of the sulphur-containing metabolites taurine and glutathione were increased in mice fed hydrolysed casein, and hepatic glycogen amount was increased in mice fed hydrolysed casein. In contrast, the levels of glucose and its metabolite lactate were reduced in faeces, liver and plasma.

Therefore, inhibition of these

enzymes does not seem to b

Therefore, inhibition of these

enzymes does not seem to be the mode by which NAM exerts these effects. These results suggest the presence of a novel mechanism, not previously documented, by which NAM can alter gene expression levels via changes in the histone H3K4 trimethylation state. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“IL-1 is a proinflammatory cytokine consisting of two molecular species, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, and IL-1R antagonist ( gene: Il1rn) LY333531 is the endogenous suppressor. Il1rn(-/-) mice spontaneously develop autoimmune diseases, such as arthritis and aortitis, and a dermatitis that histologically resembles human psoriasis. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying this dermatitis, however, remain to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated

that the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was enhanced at the site of inflammation. The development of dermatitis was completely suppressed in Tnfsf1a(-/-) but not in Il6(-/-) mice, similar to that observed in arthritis and aortitis. However, IL-17 deficiency did not affect the development of dermatitis at all, in clear contrast to that of arthritis and aortitis. Different from arthritis and aortitis, adoptive transfer of Il1rn(-/-) T cells did not induce dermatitis in the recipient SCID mice and skin lesions Galardin developed in Il1rn(-/-) SCID mice, indicating that T cells are not involved in the development of skin lesions. In support selleck inhibitor for this, bone marrow cell transplantation experiments showed that TNF produced by skin residential cells, but not bone marrow cell-derived cells, was important for the development of dermatitis. Furthermore, we showed that IL-1 directly enhanced TNF and chemokine expression in keratinocytes. These observations suggest that excess IL-1 signaling directly activates keratinocytes to produce TNF and chemokines, resulting in the development of psoriasis-like skin lesions without the involvement of autoimmunity in Il1rn(-/-)

mice. The Journal of Immunology, 2010, 185: 1887-1893.”
“The prophylactic and therapeutic arsenal against malaria is quite restricted and all the antimalarials currently in use have limitations. Thus, there is a need to investigate medicinal plants in the search for phytochemicals which can be developed into drugs. In our investigation, essential oils (EOs) were obtained from Vanillosmopsis arborea (Gardner) Baker, Lippia sidoides Cham. and Croton zehntneri Pax & K. Hoffm., aromatic plants abundant in northeastern Brazil, which are found in the caatinga region and are used in traditional medicine. The chemical composition of these EOs was characterized by GC-MS, and monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were well represented. We assessed the in vitro activity of these EOs and also individual EO chemical components against the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (K1 strain) and the in vivo activity of EOs in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei.

(C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC “
“Objective: To provide an upda

(C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.”
“Objective: To provide an update of the advantages of new-generation molecular diagnostics to study the diversity of intestinal microflora and to evaluate its alteration in human diseases. Methods: We review recent advances in understanding the complex ecosystem of gut microbiota based on a dynamic and mutual interaction with the host. Results: In vaginal delivery, the contact with the mother’s vaginal and intestinal flora is an important source of Lactobacillus, Prevotella and other Bifidobacterium. On the opposite, in cesarean delivery,

direct contact of the mouth of the newborn with vaginal and intestinal microbiota is replaced by exogenous non-maternally derived bacteria colonizing the infants’ intestine producing a less diverse flora. The original microbiome settings evolve during the growth converging to three main clusters defined “enterotypes” selleck chemicals in the adult age. Conclusions: The key role in human health could depend on the balance between beneficial and harmful microbial species populating the gut, therefore the intestinal microflora can been considered MAPK inhibitor as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target in intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases.”
“We examined the effect

of magnesium (Mg) on the charophytes calcite (CaCO(3)) encrustation and assessed whether charophytes, growing on non-calcareous sediments in the Myall P505-15 Angiogenesis inhibitor Lake, a poorly flushed shallow coastal lake with salinity of 2-3 PSU, could function as an effective nutrient sink for phosphorus (P) in a similar manner to charophytes growing on calcareous sediments of the freshwater calcium (Ca)-rich hardwater, i.e., through the formation of Ca-bound P. Our results showed that high Mg in the Myall Lake water reduced the calcification in charophytes. Likewise, the addition of Mg into the tap water also produced the same effect. The inhibition of the calcite formation decreased significantly the percentage of Ca-bound P formation in the

charophyte biomass as well as in the sediment. However, the inability of charophytes in Myall Lake to precipitate calcite does not reduce the plant beds’ capability to act as a P nutrient sink. Instead of Ca- bound P, a large percentage of less bioavailable non-reactive organically bound P (NaOH-P: 40-65%) fraction in the biomass, together with the plant’s slow decomposition rate, will lead to burial of dead organic matter and an incomplete mineralization process. In particular, detritus of the charophyte plants’ thalli is relatively more resistant to mineralization. This mechanism was supported by the result of sedimentary P fractionation in which the refractory P and non-reactive organic P fractions accounted for at least 80% of the total P.”
“Improved management of agricultural soils has potential for sequestering carbon (C) and reducing the accumulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide.