Approximately 86% and 100% of E. coli and 100% of K. pneumoniae were sensitive to eugenol and cinnamaldehyde, respectively. Eugenol exhibited MIC of 499 mu g/mL and 63-999 mu g/mL among maximum numbers of E. coli and K. pneumoniae, respectively. Cinnamaldehyde demonstrated MIC of 122 mu g/mL and 245 mu g/mL among maximum numbers of E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively. Lowest binding energies after docking of bioactive GSK1838705A research buy compounds with ESBL proteins predicted effective interactions among them. These compounds hydrogen bonded with catalytic and other crucial amino acid residues of ESBL proteins. Conclusions: Microbiological assays and molecular docking experiments indicated

antibacterial activity and significant molecular interactions of eugenol and cinnamaldehyde with ESBL enzymes of pathogenic bacteria. (C) 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.”
“Context. Although sub-Saharan Africa suffers the greatest burden of progressive illness, there selleck compound are few outcome measures with adequate properties to measure needs and outcomes. Objectives. To examine the psychometric properties of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Palliative Care (FACIT-Pal) among people receiving palliative care in three African countries. Methods. Adult patients in South Africa,

Kenya, and Uganda gave self-reported data to the core FACIT-G plus Pal subscale. Data were subjected to factor analysis, corrected item-total correlations, and Cronbach’s alpha for full scale and subscales. Results. The resulting four factors bear a strong similarity to the original Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General in our sample of 461: physical symptoms, functional well-being, friends

and family, and emotional well-being. Cronbach’s alpha for the full 27-item scale was 0.90 and for the physical well-being, social/family well-being, emotional well-being, and functional well-being subscales, it was 0.83, 0.78, 0.80, and 0.87, respectively. Varimax rotation of the 19-item FACITPal scale showed three clear interpretable factors. GANT61 supplier Factor 1, a sense of purpose and meaning in life; Factor 2, physical symptoms; and Factor 3, social integration. For the 19-item FACIT-Pal, Cronbach’s a was 0.81, and individual corrected item-total correlations ranged from 0.24 to 0.61. Cronbach’s a for the eight items comprising Factor 1 (meaning in life) was 0.83. For the other two factors, it was 0.70 (physical symptoms, six items) and 0.68 (social integration, three items). Conclusion. The FACIT-Pal is a reliable multidimensional scale for people with life-limiting incurable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, and the observed factors are interpretable and clinically meaningful.(C) 2014 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.